Likelihood ratio test là gì

The Likelihood Ratio (LR) is the likelihood that a given demo result would be expected in a patient with the target disorder compared khổng lồ the likelihood that that same result would be expected in a patient without the target disorder.

Bạn đang xem: Likelihood ratio test là gì

Definition

The Likelihood Ratio (LR) is the likelihood that a given test result would be expected in a patient with the target disorder compared to the likelihood that that same result would be expected in a patient without the target disorder. For example, you hav e a patient with anaemia & a serum ferritin of 60mmol/l & you find in an article that 90 per cent of patients with iron deficiency anaemia have serum ferritins in the same range as your patient (= sensitivity) và that 15 per cent of patients with oth er causes for anaemia have serum ferritins in the same range as your patient (1 – specificity). This means that your patient’s result would be six times as likely (90/15) to be seen in someone with, as opposed khổng lồ someone without, iron deficiency anaemia, & this is called the LR for a positive thử nghiệm result.

Application

The LR is used to assess how good a diagnostic chạy thử is and to help in selecting an appropriate diagnostic test(s) or sequence of tests. They have advantages over sensitivity và specificity because they are less likely to lớn change with the prevalence of the disorder, they can be calculated for several levels of the symptom/sign or test, they can be used khổng lồ combine the results of multiple diagnostic test và the can be used to lớn calculate po st-test probability for a target disorder. For example, if you thought your patient’s chance of iron deficiency anaemia prior to lớn doing the ferritin was 50-50, this pre-test probability of 50 per cent translates as pre-test odds of 1:1, và the post test odds can be calculated as follows:

Post-test odds = pre-test odds * LR = 1*6 = 6Post-test probability = post thử nghiệm odds / (post chạy thử odds + 1)= 6 / (6 + 1) = 86 per cent

After the serum ferritin test is done and your patient is found to have a result of 60 mmol/l, the post-test probability of your patient having iron deficiency anaemia is therefore increased to lớn 86 per cent, & this suggests that the serum ferritin is a worthwhile diagnostic test.

Xem thêm: Thực Hư Câu Chuyện Nhau Mèo Là Gì, Nhau Thai Mèo Có Giúp Gia Chủ May Mắn, Phát Tài

Switching back and forth between probability và odds can be done simply using a nomogram (you can click here to view a PDF of the nomogram on its own for easy printing):

 

 

 

A LR greater than 1 produces a post-test probability which is higher than the pre-test probability. An LR less than 1 produces a post-test probability which is lower than the pre-test probability. When the pre-test probability lies between 30 and 70 per cent, kiểm tra results with a very high LR (say, above 10) rule in disease. An LR below 1 produces a post-test probability les than the pre-test probability. A very low LR (say, below 0.1) virtually rules out the chance that the patient has the disease.

Xem thêm: Quả Đậu Tương Là Gì ? Công Dụng Của Đậu Nành Và Một Số Tác Hại

Calculation

We can assume that there are four possible groups of patients:

group a, who are disease positive & test positive;group b, who are disease negative but chạy thử positive;group c, who are disease positive but chạy thử negative;group d, who are disease negative và test negative.

Then:

LR+ = sensitivity / (1-specificity) = (a/(a+c)) / (b/(b+d))LR- = (1-sensitivity) / specificity = (c/(a+c)) / (d/(b+d))Post-test odds = pre-test odds * LRPre-test odds = pre-test probability / (1-pre-test probability)Post-test probability = post-test odds / (post demo odds+1) 

Example

 

This example is taken from the results of a systematic reviews of serum ferritin as a diagnostic demo for iron deficiency anaemia:

 

Sensitivity = a / (a+c) = 731/809 = 90 per centSpecificity = d / (b+d) = 1500/1770 = 85 per cent

LR+ = sens / (1-spec) = 90/15 = 6LR- = (1-sens) / (spec) = 10/85 = 0.12

Positive Predictive Value = a / (a+b) = 731/1001 = 73 per centNegative Predictive value = d / (c+d) = 1500/1578 = 95 per cent

Prevalence = (a+c) / (a+b+c+d) = 809/2579 = 32 per centPre-test odds = prevalence / (1-prevalence) = 31/69 = 0.45

Post-test odds = pre-test odds * LRPost-test Probability = post-test odds / (post-test odds + 1)

About us Study with us EBHC FAQs Example student career paths 90namdangbothanhhoa.vnford Medical School Resources EBM tools Levels of evidence Reports Medical Student Resources Research Projects Protocols Tamiflu as a treatment for influenza Anticoagulation care The Primodos story The harms of transvaginal mesh News & views